← all papers · narrative review (78) Science journalism, not medical advice.
- Low T From Stress Isn't Broken Testicles2026-07-15
Military and athlete studies suggest stress-related low testosterone is often reversible brain signaling, not testicular failure
Stress-associated testosterone suppression: central adaptation or hypogonadism? testosterone hypogonadism narrative review stress exercise
- Skip Leg Day, Hurt Your Fertility?2026-07-11
A narrative review argues weak muscles and low testosterone track with worse sperm quality, but cites no new data of its own
Male fertility as an integral reflection of metabolic, endocrine, and musculoskeletal health male infertility narrative review testosterone exercise
- TRT and Heart Risk: Is a Gel Safer Than a Shot?2026-07-05
Low testosterone tracks with worse blood vessel markers, and TRT improves most of them, but gel vs. injection safety claims are still unproven
Circulating Markers of Cardiovascular Health in Hypogonadism Before and After Testosterone Therapy: Molecular Aspects and Formulation Comparison hypogonadism testosterone therapy cardiovascular disease vascular health biomarkers narrative review
- The Radiologist's Guide to a Broken Penile Implant2026-07
A single-author review argues MRI, not CT or ultrasound, is the best tool for spotting penile implant failures
Imaging of the Three-Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis penile prosthesis erectile dysfunction narrative review surgical outcomes
- Lifelong Male Infertility Diagnosis Reverses in 1-in-102026-06-25
~10–15% of men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism spontaneously recover testosterone and fertility after stopping treatment
Reversible Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Keys for Clinical Management hypogonadism male infertility genetics narrative review
- 75% of Klinefelter Cases Go Undiagnosed2026-06-24
A review argues Klinefelter syndrome wrecks more than fertility, yet up to 75% of cases go undiagnosed
Klinefelter syndrome beyond hypogonadism: multisystem manifestations and a framework for clinical surveillance hypogonadism cardiovascular disease testosterone therapy narrative review
- Most Low Testosterone Is Just Obesity2026-06-23
JAMA review puts obesity-driven low T (2–8% prevalence) well ahead of true gonadal failure (<1%), with weight loss as first-line.
Adult Male Hypogonadism: A Review hypogonadism testosterone obesity testosterone therapy narrative review
- Meet the Immune Cells Guarding Your Sperm Supply2026-06-23
A review of mouse studies argues rogue immune cells in the testis may drive some male infertility
Testicular macrophages: core immune regulators and emerging therapeutic targets in spermatogenic dysfunction male infertility spermatogenesis immunology testicular disease animal study narrative review
- One Testosterone Test Isn't Enough for ED2026-06-16
Lab review argues most ED workups over-order hormones and under-order glucose and lipids
High-value laboratory testing in erectile dysfunction, reduced sexual desire, and suspected hypogonadism: analytical pitfalls and selective biomarker use erectile dysfunction hypogonadism testosterone biomarkers narrative review
- Five Cell Death Routes Killing Sperm2026-06-16
Narrative review maps five regulated cell death pathways — apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, efferocytosis — as drivers of spermatogenic failure
Targeting Programmed Cell Death in Male Infertility: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies male infertility spermatogenesis autophagy oxidative stress narrative review inflammation
- Kidney Stone Nanotech: All Lab, No Clinic2026-06-16
A narrative review of nanomaterial strategies for kidney stones — none have reached clinical use, and the authors admit it
The Application of Nanomaterials in Kidney Stone Disease: Emerging Strategies for Early Diagnosis, Targeted Therapy, and Prevention kidney stones nanomedicine narrative review oxidative stress
- Could a Blood Test Replace Testicular Biopsy?2026-06-15
A 2026 narrative review maps the landscape of non-invasive biomarkers for azoospermia diagnosis, covering small RNAs, proteomics, genetic markers, and imaging
Research Progress on the Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Biomarkers of Azoospermia male infertility biomarkers genetics genomics spermatogenesis narrative review
- Why Won't Testicular Cancer Respond to Immunotherapy?2026-06-11
Checkpoint inhibitors largely fail in testicular germ cell tumors despite PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes — a review argues miRNAs may explain why
MicroRNAs and Immunotherapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Opportunities and Challenges for Modulation of the Immune Microenvironment testicular cancer immunology biomarkers narrative review
- How Radiologists Spot Penile Emergencies2026-06-02
A picture-based radiology primer on penile fractures, priapism, Peyronie's disease and tumors
Decoding penile pathology and imaging techniques. Peyronie's disease priapism penile cancer narrative review
- Male Infertility's Default Drug May Be Wrong for Most2026-06-01
Opinion review argues clomiphene and aromatase inhibitors are empirically prescribed without endocrine phenotyping — and proposes gonadotropins instead
From Tablets to Targeted Therapy: The APHRODITE Era in Male Infertility male infertility hypogonadism spermatogenesis narrative review evidence quality
- Pediatric Penile Emergencies: Screen for Abuse2026-06-01
Narrative review covering ED diagnosis and management of pediatric penile conditions, from paraphimosis to strangulation injury, with abuse screening emphasized
Management of pediatric penile problems in the emergency department. pediatric urology narrative review health services emergency medicine
- Can Varicocele Inflammation Reach the Penis?2026-05-25
A narrative review proposes that varicocele-driven systemic inflammation may impair erectile function — but the clinical evidence is thin
Advances in Immune-Inflammatory Interactions Within the Testicular-Penile Microenvironment of Varicocele Patients varicocele erectile dysfunction inflammation narrative review oxidative stress spermatogenesis immunology male infertility
- Oxidative Lipid Damage Markers: A New IVF Yardstick?2026-05-23
A narrative review argues F2-isoprostanes and isofurans could be stable, reliable markers of reproductive oxidative damage — but admits the evidence base is thin
Isoprostanes and Isofurans in Infertility and Assisted Reproduction: What Do We Know So Far? oxidative stress infertility male infertility biomarkers narrative review semen quality
- Lab Mice Can't Fake 30 Years of Kidney Stones2026-05-18
Most kidney stone animal models induce acute disease; human idiopathic CaOx stones develop over decades — a mismatch this review maps out.
Animal Models for Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Research kidney stones animal study narrative review evidence quality
- The Testicular Tumors That Fool Even Pathologists2026-05-17
10% of testicular sex cord stromal tumors follow an aggressive, therapy-resistant course that can rapidly become fatal
Testicular Sex Cord Stromal Tumors testicular cancer testicular disease pathology narrative review
- Gut Bacteria May Hurt Sperm. The Evidence Is Thin.2026-05-16
A plausible gut-testis axis linking dysbiosis to poor sperm quality — authors themselves admit few human studies back it up
Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Male Reproductive Health: Current Insights and Future Directions gut microbiome male infertility spermatogenesis narrative review testosterone inflammation
- Curable Cancer That Still Kills Young Men2026-05-14
Testicular cancer is among the most curable metastatic solid tumors — but the poor-risk subset still carries significant mortality in young men
How to Optimize Treatment for Patients With Poor-Risk Testicular Cancer testicular cancer narrative review surgical outcomes survivorship
- One Editorial, No New Data on Varicocele2026-05-12
A leading infertility surgeon's editorial preview of a themed issue, containing no original data of its own
Varicocele: new perspectives on an old problem varicocele male infertility narrative review testosterone
- Immune War in the Testis — Mostly Mouse Data2026-05-12
A review proposes that a shared immune-inflammatory cascade disrupts sperm production — then admits most evidence comes from animals, not men.
Immunological Mechanisms and Precision Stratification in Male Infertility immunology male infertility inflammation oxidative stress narrative review biomarkers spermatogenesis
- Diabetes Wrecks Sex Lives, Doctors Rarely Ask2026-05-09
A single-author narrative review argues South Asian diabetes clinics routinely skip sexual health screening entirely
Sexual dysfunction in patients with Type 2 diabetes: A South Asian perspective diabetes sexual dysfunction erectile dysfunction women's health narrative review
- Plastic Chemicals May Rewrite Fertility Across Generations2026-05-08
A narrative review argues BPA harms male fertility via gut dysbiosis and epigenetic marks — but admits the transgenerational evidence is provisional at best
Transgenerational Exposure to Plastics-Derived Endocrine-Disrupting Bisphenol A and Its Analogs on Male Infertility: Impact of Gut Dysbiosis and Epigenetic Regulation environmental exposure epigenetics male infertility narrative review spermatogenesis gut microbiome
- Diabetes Breaks Both Sperm and Memory — Here's How2026-05-08
A narrative review proposes shared neuroendocrine-immune pathways linking diabetic infertility and cognitive decline — no new data, theory only
The relationships between diabetic male infertility, diabetic cognitive impairment, and the neuroendocrine-immune network: A review diabetes male infertility narrative review spermatogenesis neurodegenerative diseases
- Female Sexual Dysfunction: Still Playing Catch-Up2026-05-07
Narrative review from Duke maps all 4 DSM-5 subtypes of female sexual dysfunction and finds evidence for multiple treatments—but measurement tools remain unstandardized
Female Sexual Dysfunction: Current Models and Treatment Options sexual dysfunction women's health narrative review pelvic floor
- Testicular Cancer Gets Its First Moderate-Risk Gene2026-05-06
CHEK2 becomes the first moderate-penetrance predisposition gene identified for testicular germ cell tumors, alongside growing ties to inherited cancer syndromes
Recent Advances in Genetic Predisposition to Primary Testicular Tumors testicular cancer genetics genomics narrative review
- Lab-Grown Mini-Testes Make Hormones — Sperm Still Elusive2026-05-06
Testicular organoids sustain testosterone and inhibin B production for up to 12 weeks in culture, but complete spermatogenesis remains out of reach
Generation and Utility of Endocrine Functional Testicular Organoids stem cells spermatogenesis male infertility narrative review testicular disease
- Viral Orchitis Treatments Still Largely Inadequate2026-05-05
This narrative review covers how viruses like HIV and mumps damage testicular function—and admits current treatments fall short
Viral Orchitis and Male Infertility: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenic Mechanisms and Outcomes male infertility orchitis spermatogenesis inflammation narrative review immunology
- A Third Way Sperm Cells Die: Ferroptosis2026-05
Review maps three oxidative stress-driven cell death pathways in testicular tissue, spotlighting ferroptosis as an understudied mechanism
Oxidative Stress-Related Programmed Cell Death in Male Infertility: Focussing on Ferroptosis male infertility oxidative stress spermatogenesis narrative review iron metabolism autophagy
- Melatonin for Low Testosterone: Interesting Theory, No Trials2026-05
Chinese TCM researchers propose melatonin could restore endogenous testosterone by repairing aging Leydig cells — supported by animal data and zero LOH clinical trials
From "Passive Supplementation" to "Active Repair": Melatonin Reshapes the Treatment Paradigm for Late-Onset Hypogonadism by Targeting Leydig Cell Senescence hypogonadism testosterone oxidative stress narrative review traditional chinese medicine
- When Should Teen Varicoceles Get Surgery?2026-04-30
One children's hospital's playbook for deciding which teens with varicocele need surgery
Adolescent varicocele: a surgical conundrum varicocele pediatric urology male infertility narrative review surgical outcomes
- Shockwave and PRP for ED? Still Experimental, Review Concludes2026-04-30
Narrative review synthesizes the full ED treatment ladder — prosthetics top 95% satisfaction; shockwave and PRP remain experimental.
Erectile Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Contemporary Management erectile dysfunction narrative review penile prosthesis sexual dysfunction evidence quality
- Your Genes, Not Your Diet, May Drive Low Phosphate2026-04-30
Narrative review argues that low phosphate in stone formers is driven by genetic defects in kidney transporters, not diet—and that supplementation may cut recurrence.
Hypophosphatemia in Kidney Stone Formers kidney stones genetics narrative review biomarkers
- Can Metformin Treat Male Infertility?2026-04-29
Review argues AMPK—an energy-sensing enzyme disrupted by obesity and diabetes—could be a druggable target for male infertility
Targeting AMPK Networks for Male Reproductive Health: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapies male infertility metabolic syndrome spermatogenesis narrative review oxidative stress testosterone
- Sperm Create the Toxins That Destroy Them2026-04-25
Oxidative stress causes at least one-third of male infertility, and sperm generate the damaging reactive oxygen species themselves
Molecular Advances in Male Infertility and Fertility: Importance of Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress male infertility oxidative stress sperm capacitation narrative review
- Dyslipidemia and ED: Plausible but Not Proven2026-04-22
A review maps five pathways linking dyslipidemia to ED, then concedes direct evidence for all five is limited
Mechanisms of Dyslipidemia-Induced Erectile Dysfunction: A Narrative Review erectile dysfunction narrative review cardiovascular disease vascular health metabolic syndrome oxidative stress
- ED as an Early Warning Sign for Heart Damage2026-04-18
Review paper argues ED can show up 2-5 years before heart disease, or within months on certain cancer drugs
Erectile dysfunction as an early biomarker of cardiovascular toxicity: Mechanisms and clinical implications erectile dysfunction cardiovascular disease biomarkers narrative review
- Beyond Overheating: Varicocele's Multi-Front War on Sperm2026-04-15
Narrative review maps varicocele's damage chain: dilated veins trigger heat, oxidative damage, inflammation, and immune attacks that collectively wreck sperm
Testicular Microenvironment Disruption in Varicocele: Mechanisms and Implications for Spermatogenesis varicocele male infertility oxidative stress spermatogenesis narrative review
- Newer Blood Pressure Drugs May Not Cause ED After All2026-04-09
A narrative review claims newer antihypertensives are ED-neutral or better, but cites no new data of its own
Erectile dysfunction and antihypertensive therapy: A critical reappraisal erectile dysfunction hypertension cardiovascular disease narrative review evidence quality
- Cancer Clinics Are Dropping the Ball on Sexual Health2026-04
Sexual dysfunction is common across cancer types but rarely addressed in oncology care, per this narrative review — no numbers provided
Oncosexology: A Narrative Review on Sexual Health and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients sexual dysfunction survivorship narrative review women's health
- Plant Compounds in Nanopackages Won't Fix ED Yet2026-03-24
Chemical engineering duo reviews plant-derived compounds delivered via nanoparticles for ED — heavy on preclinical data, light on clinical evidence
Phytochemical-Based Nanomedicine as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Erectile Dysfunction erectile dysfunction narrative review oxidative stress nanomedicine
- Stone History Doesn't Always Bar Kidney Donation2026-03-17
CT imaging detects Randall's plaques as false positives; true stone prevalence in donor candidates is 2–8%, half the general population rate.
Evaluation of Nephrolithiasis and Its Risk Factors in Living Kidney Donor Candidates kidney stones narrative review screening health services
- When the Testes Lose Their Immune Shield2026-03-17
A narrative review estimates up to 15% of male infertility stems from immune dysregulation at the blood-testis barrier
Testicular Immune Privilege Revisited: When Protection Fails male infertility immunology narrative review antisperm antibodies spermatogenesis infertility
- Sperm's Chemical Entourage Signals the Uterus2026-03-16
Review argues seminal cytokines don't just carry sperm — they actively shape uterine receptivity and embryo implantation
Seminal Fluid Cytokines in Reproductive Health and Fertility of Men male infertility immunology semen quality inflammation narrative review
- Penile Cancer's RNA Biomarkers: Big Promise, Small Studies2026-03-13
A Brazilian review catalogs miRNAs tied to penile cancer progression and HPV status — but the underlying studies are nearly all too small and descriptive to act on
MicroRNAs in Penile Cancer: Challenges, Opportunities, and Translational Perspectives penile cancer biomarkers genomics HPV narrative review
- Fixing a Fertility Problem Also Lifts Testosterone2026-03-13
Varicocele repair raised testosterone by 80-100 ng/dL on average, per a review of existing studies
Varicocele and low testosterone varicocele hypogonadism testosterone male infertility narrative review
- Sperm-Only Ion Channels Could Enable Male Contraception2026-03-12
A review of the ion transport machinery in sperm membranes — some of it unique to sperm — and why mutations in these systems cause infertility
The systems that transport ions and their impact on sperm function and male fertility. male infertility sperm capacitation genetics contraception narrative review
- When Your Body Attacks Your Own Sperm2026-03-12
Editorial overview of a themed issue: blood-testis barrier, antisperm antibodies, seminal cytokines, and genital pathogens as fertility disruptors
Male Infertility and Immune Function immunology male infertility semen quality systematic review narrative review inflammation antisperm antibodies
- One Surgeon's Opinion Dressed Up as a Literature Review2026-03-12
A "comprehensive" review of varicocele surgery for testicle pain ends in personal opinion, not pooled data
Varicocele repair for chronic orchialgia varicocele testicular disease narrative review evidence quality
- Does Your Doctor Ask About Your Sex Life?2026-03-11
A 2026 review maps primary care's role in four sexual health conditions: ED, premature ejaculation, sexual pain, and low desire.
Addressing Sexual Health in Primary Care erectile dysfunction premature ejaculation sexual dysfunction health services narrative review
- When Your Immune System Attacks Your Sperm2026-03-09
Antisperm antibodies affect 5–12% of infertile men; immunosuppression was abandoned as ineffective — ICSI now mechanically bypasses the immune barrier at >80% antibody binding
Antisperm Antibodies and Autoimmunity in the Era of Assisted Reproduction male infertility immunology antisperm antibodies narrative review
- Gum Disease and Infertility: Mostly Speculation So Far2026-03-08
A narrative review argues gum disease may worsen fertility via inflammation, but admits the human data barely supports it
Infertility and Periodontitis: Are We Connecting the Right Dots? infertility male infertility inflammation oxidative stress narrative review
- Breaking Kidney Stones While You're Wide Awake2026-03-05
Early clinical data suggests BWL fragments kidney and ureteral stones in awake patients with mostly minor side effects — but the evidence base is still thin.
Burst Wave Lithotripsy: Insights on Effectiveness and Safety kidney stones narrative review surgical outcomes
- Male Infertility Tests Haven't Changed in a Decade2026-02-20
A review of upcoming fertility tests genomics, AI, imaging with zero new data of its own
Emerging Diagnostics Tools for Severe Male Infertility and Non-obstructive Azoospermia male infertility genomics artificial intelligence biomarkers narrative review
- It's Not Age That Tanks Testosterone2026-02-06
Review of current evidence finds aging alone doesn't cause low T — obesity and diabetes do, and recent RCTs report no added cardiovascular risk from treatment
Functional Testosterone Deficiency in Aging Men: Clinical Impact, Diagnostic Pathways, and Treatment Strategies hypogonadism testosterone therapy metabolic syndrome narrative review
- Half of Infertility Is Male, Insurance Barely Covers It2026-01-30
Male factor drives up to 50% of infertility cases, yet insurance and specialist access lag far behind
Barriers to Male Infertility Care and Strategic Solutions for Advancement: Increasing Access, Health Policy, and Advocacy Efforts male infertility health services narrative review screening
- The Cell-Recycling Process Tied to Broken Sperm2026-01-20
A review of animal and lab data argues autophagy imbalance may drive low sperm count and motility, no new evidence
A narrative review on the role of autophagy in male infertility-associated sperm abnormalities autophagy male infertility spermatogenesis narrative review
- Men Think Average Is Small. Research Agrees They're Wrong.2026-01-20
Only 7 studies exist on this topic — all found men overestimate what's "normal" in size and sexual performance while underestimating their own normalcy
Are Men Aware of Normal Penile Length and Sexual Function? A Narrative Review narrative review sexual dysfunction erectile dysfunction evidence quality
- Penile-Implant Review Written By Its Sellers2026-01-06
Three of seven authors on this penile nerve-implant review work for the company selling the device
Implantable pelvic neurostimulators to restore erectile function: from concept to practice erectile dysfunction spinal cord injury narrative review neurostimulation
- Testosterone Review Skips the Hard Evidence2025-12-24
A non-systematic review says testosterone therapy is safe and effective, but cites no funding or conflicts
Testosterone Therapy in Adult Males with Hypogonadism testosterone therapy hypogonadism narrative review evidence quality
- EAU Panel: Varicocele Surgery for Azoospermia? Evidence Too Weak2025-12-23
EAU guidelines panel finds the evidence for varicocele surgery in nonobstructive azoospermia too weak to support a strong recommendation
Varicocele Treatment in Azoospermia Before Artificial Reproductive Techniques: Critical Considerations by the EAU Guidelines Panel on Sexual and Reproductive Health varicocele male infertility evidence quality narrative review
- When Pelvic Floor Therapy Conflicts With Trauma2025-12-17
~15% of French women report lifetime sexual violence; this review flags intravaginal PT as a trauma conflict for pelvic pain patients
Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy for Sexual Abuse Survivors With Pelvic Pain pelvic floor women's health sexual dysfunction narrative review vaginismus
- This Review Skipped Its Own Quality Check2025-12-17
A 30-year literature review on sexual dysfunction after cancer treatment applied no formal quality screen to the studies it included
Strategies for Treating Sexual Health Concerns After Breast and Gynecologic Cancer cancer survivors sexual dysfunction menopause narrative review
- Three Guidelines on Penile Cancer Can't Agree2025-11-19
Three major oncology guideline bodies disagree on lymph node staging and treatment in penile cancer, leaving surgeons without consensus at every decision point.
Penile Cancer and Lymph Node Management: A Call for Standardization penile cancer surgical outcomes narrative review evidence quality
- Sperm's "Power Plant" Role Has Been Overstated2025-11-11
The textbook model of sperm energy production — mitochondria fuel the tail — is more complicated than it looked
Sperm mitochondrial sheath formation - how and why? male infertility spermatogenesis narrative review infertility
- Uterus in Males: A Hidden Infertility Cause2025-11-07
Only 1 in 5 men with PMDS have conceived naturally at time of diagnosis; most present with cryptorchidism or hernias
Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome - A Rare but Important Cause of Male Factor Infertility cryptorchidism male infertility narrative review pediatric urology
- No Trials Yet, So Chemo Still Wins2025-10-01
A cancer so rare its "standard" chemo regimen has never been tested against newer immunotherapy in a randomized trial
An update on the pharmacotherapy of penile cancer penile cancer narrative review immunology evidence quality
- GLP-1 Drugs and Sperm: Mostly Rat Data So Far2025-09-26
Ozempic-class drugs may help sperm in obese men, but most of the evidence so far is from rats
Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Male Fertility: Emerging Evidence and Future Directions obesity diabetes hypogonadism spermatogenesis animal study narrative review
- A Puberty Gene Discovery Now Treats Hot Flashes2025-09-17
Over 60 genes are now linked to a puberty-blocking disorder, but genetics still explains only half of cases
Genetics of Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism genetics hypogonadism male infertility narrative review
- Nine Societies, No Consensus on Low Testosterone2025-07-19
Nine major specialist societies disagree on the name, diagnostic cutoffs, and monitoring protocols for male hypogonadism
Variations in Diagnostic Criteria for Male Hypogonadism: Is There a Need for Standardizing Specialist Society Guidelines? hypogonadism testosterone narrative review evidence quality
- FSH Pharmacogenetics: Interesting Science, Unusable Data2025-04-30
Genetic variants in FSH and its receptor affect sperm production, but current evidence is too small and contradictory for clinical use
Pharmacogenetics of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Action in the Male male infertility genetics infertility narrative review spermatogenesis
- hCG for Azoospermia: Settled Science for One Type, Guesswork for the Rest2025-02-04
A narrative review argues hCG may treat more azoospermia subtypes than currently accepted, introducing the unvalidated "APHRODITE criteria" to guide patient selection.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Based Clinical Treatments for Infertile Men with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia male infertility spermatogenesis hypogonadism narrative review
- One Hormone Test to Find Where Hypogonadism Starts2025-01-20
A narrative review proposes kisspeptin stimulation as the first viable way to tell whether low testosterone originates in the hypothalamus or pituitary.
Kisspeptin as a test of hypothalamic dysfunction in pubertal and reproductive disorders. hypogonadism narrative review biomarkers infertility testosterone
- Massive Genital Swelling: No Protocol Exists2024-12-04
No evidence-based treatment protocol exists for penoscrotal elephantiasis, a rare lymphatic condition causing irreversible penile and scrotal swelling
Operative Management of Penoscrotal Elephantiasis narrative review surgical outcomes inflammation pathology
- A Penile Erection Lasting 4+ Hours Is an Emergency in Kids Too2024-11-25
Sickle cell disease is the leading cause of priapism in boys, and delayed treatment risks permanent erectile dysfunction
Priapism in the paediatric and adolescent population pediatric urology priapism erectile dysfunction narrative review