← all papers · immunology (19) Science journalism, not medical advice.
- Meet the Immune Cells Guarding Your Sperm Supply2026-06-23
A review of mouse studies argues rogue immune cells in the testis may drive some male infertility
Testicular macrophages: core immune regulators and emerging therapeutic targets in spermatogenic dysfunction male infertility spermatogenesis immunology testicular disease animal study narrative review
- Why Won't Testicular Cancer Respond to Immunotherapy?2026-06-11
Checkpoint inhibitors largely fail in testicular germ cell tumors despite PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes — a review argues miRNAs may explain why
MicroRNAs and Immunotherapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Opportunities and Challenges for Modulation of the Immune Microenvironment testicular cancer immunology biomarkers narrative review
- When Testicular Cancer Attacks the Brain2026-05-29
Anti-KLHL11 encephalitis is rare, lethal in 1 of 3 patients within a year, and linked to seminoma in nearly a third of cases.
Clinical Manifestations, Tumor Associations, and Long-Term Outcomes of Anti-KLHL11 Encephalitis testicular cancer immunology paraneoplastic syndrome retrospective cohort
- Can Varicocele Inflammation Reach the Penis?2026-05-25
A narrative review proposes that varicocele-driven systemic inflammation may impair erectile function — but the clinical evidence is thin
Advances in Immune-Inflammatory Interactions Within the Testicular-Penile Microenvironment of Varicocele Patients varicocele erectile dysfunction inflammation narrative review oxidative stress spermatogenesis immunology male infertility
- Immune War in the Testis — Mostly Mouse Data2026-05-12
A review proposes that a shared immune-inflammatory cascade disrupts sperm production — then admits most evidence comes from animals, not men.
Immunological Mechanisms and Precision Stratification in Male Infertility immunology male infertility inflammation oxidative stress narrative review biomarkers spermatogenesis
- Viral Orchitis Treatments Still Largely Inadequate2026-05-05
This narrative review covers how viruses like HIV and mumps damage testicular function—and admits current treatments fall short
Viral Orchitis and Male Infertility: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenic Mechanisms and Outcomes male infertility orchitis spermatogenesis inflammation narrative review immunology
- Lupus Roughly Doubles the Odds of Female Sexual Dysfunction2026-05-04
58.8% of lupus patients screen positive for FSD — 2.6x healthy controls, though extreme heterogeneity muddies the estimate
Prevalence of Female Sexual Dysfunction Among Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis sexual dysfunction women's health immunology systematic review meta-analysis epidemiology
- Eye Autoimmunity to ED: Pure Speculation2026-04-08
A hypothesis paper proposes that autoimmune retinopathy might damage circadian-regulating retinal cells and thereby impair testosterone and nitric oxide signaling — no data included
A Hypothetical Circadian–Endocrine Pathway Linking Melanopsin-Expressing ipRGC Dysfunction in Autoimmune Retinopathy to Sexual Dysfunction erectile dysfunction sexual dysfunction immunology biomarkers
- China's Math on Male HPV Vaccination Is Clear2026-03-20
Modeling 22 strategies, 20 cleared China's cost-effectiveness bar; vaccinating 14-year-olds with a 4-valent vaccine won
Economic Evaluation of 22 HPV Vaccination Strategies to Minimize the Risk of Penile, Anal, and Oropharyngeal Cancers in Chinese Males: A Markov Model Analysis penile cancer health services immunology evidence quality
- Immunotherapy Shows Early Pulse in Rare Penile Cancer2026-03-19
First prospective trial of perioperative chemoimmunotherapy in locally advanced PSCC reports 53% response rate in 17 evaluable patients
Neoadjuvant and/or Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Combined with Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Resectable Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma penile cancer immunology surgical outcomes cohort study
- When the Testes Lose Their Immune Shield2026-03-17
A narrative review estimates up to 15% of male infertility stems from immune dysregulation at the blood-testis barrier
Testicular Immune Privilege Revisited: When Protection Fails male infertility immunology narrative review antisperm antibodies spermatogenesis infertility
- Sperm's Chemical Entourage Signals the Uterus2026-03-16
Review argues seminal cytokines don't just carry sperm — they actively shape uterine receptivity and embryo implantation
Seminal Fluid Cytokines in Reproductive Health and Fertility of Men male infertility immunology semen quality inflammation narrative review
- When Your Body Attacks Your Own Sperm2026-03-12
Editorial overview of a themed issue: blood-testis barrier, antisperm antibodies, seminal cytokines, and genital pathogens as fertility disruptors
Male Infertility and Immune Function immunology male infertility semen quality systematic review narrative review inflammation antisperm antibodies
- When Your Immune System Attacks Your Sperm2026-03-09
Antisperm antibodies affect 5–12% of infertile men; immunosuppression was abandoned as ineffective — ICSI now mechanically bypasses the immune barrier at >80% antibody binding
Antisperm Antibodies and Autoimmunity in the Era of Assisted Reproduction male infertility immunology antisperm antibodies narrative review
- Lead Ages Immune Cells. Those Cells Tank Your Sperm.2026-02-27
A 170-man study linked urinary lead and cadmium to lower sperm motility; mouse work traced the mechanism to senescent immune cells in the epididymis.
Epididymal Macrophage Senescence Contributes to Sperm Motility Decrease upon Environmental Stress male infertility environmental exposure immunology animal study cross-sectional semen quality
- Scrotal Calcifications Don't Trigger Immune Attack2026-02-06
In 1,755 infertile men, testicular microlithiasis was not associated with higher antisperm antibody rates (1.2% vs 3.5%, p=0.17)
Testicular Immune Privilege Maintained in Incidental Testicular Microlithiasis: Evidence from 1755 Infertile Men testicular disease infertility immunology semen quality
- Single-Cell Map Reveals Penile Cancer's Immune Blind Spots2026-02-04
A 66,421-cell atlas of penile squamous cell carcinoma identifies SEMA3C-high tumor cells and exhausted T cells as key drivers of metastasis
Decoding the Cellular Heterogeneity and Malignant Progression of Human Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing penile cancer biomarkers immunology genetics
- Testicular Macrophages Do More Than We Thought2026-01-21
Review maps macrophage roles in testicular disease but produces no original data
Decoding mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in testicular development diseases through macrophage immunology testicular disease immunology
- No Trials Yet, So Chemo Still Wins2025-10-01
A cancer so rare its "standard" chemo regimen has never been tested against newer immunotherapy in a randomized trial
An update on the pharmacotherapy of penile cancer penile cancer narrative review immunology evidence quality